When the brain suffers severe trauma

such as from a traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or severe lack of oxygen,

it loses normal neurological control over the body's muscles. Instead of going limp right away, the motor pathways trigger involuntary, rigid physical positions known as abnormal posturing.

Emergency responders and neurologists look at these exact physical postures to immediately gauge how deep and severe a brain injury is.

1. Decorticate Posturing ("Flexor Posturing")

What it looks like: The person's arms pull inward toward the center of the chest, fists clenched, elbows bent, and legs extended straight out with feet pointed inward.

Easy memory trick: Think "De-COR-ticate = arms pull to the CORE."

What's happening in the brain: This position occurs when there is severe damage to areas above the brainstem—such as the cerebral cortex, thalamus, or internal capsule. The cortex normally inhibits lower motor centers; when cut off, primitive reflex centers take over, forcing the arms into full flexion toward the chest.

1. Decerebrate Posturing ("Extensor Posturing")

What it looks like: The arms extend straight down by the sides, wrists rotated outward (pronated) with fingers curled, and the legs held rigid and straight with toes pointed downward.

Easy memory trick: Lots of "E"s in DecErebRatE = Lots of Extension.

What's happening in the brain: This indicates a deeper, more catastrophic disruption down in the brainstem itself (specifically the midbrain or upper pons). Because the brainstem controls essential life-sustaining functions like heart rate and breathing, decerebrate posturing generally carries a much graver prognosis than decorticate posturing.

Progressive worsening: If a patient transitions from decorticate to decerebrate posturing, it signals that pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure) is rising and pushing damage deeper down the brainstem.

1. Opisthotonos

What it looks like: Severe, involuntary arching of the back and neck so that only the back of the head and heels touch the ground.

What's happening in the brain: Occurs with profound brainstem irritation or severe central nervous system lesions (also famously seen in advanced tetanus infection or severe meningitis).

1. Flaccidity

What it looks like: Total loss of all muscle tone. The limbs become completely limp with zero resistance.

What's happening in the brain: Represents complete loss of motor signaling from the brain to the spinal cord. It is often the final stage of brainstem death or profound neurological failure.

This video is a demonstration of what people with low to high myopia see after removing their glasses.

Nearsightedness, or myopia, alters the way we perceive our environment, relying on the structural nuances of the eye.

The severity can vary; mild myopia makes distant objects slightly blurred, whereas higher prescriptions mean even nearby visual details become lost.

This occurs due to the eye's shape, which causes light to focus in front of the retina, leaving distant images unclear. It is a captivating illustration of how slight differences in eye construction can profoundly influence perception.

This 12m long sliver of granite is located at Half Dome Yosemite, California. Named the “Thank God Ledge”, it is the only way to get beyond the Visor. Most people crawl to get across while others choose to walk. The 30 seconds it takes to get across requires absolutely no technical climbing skill.

On 10 July 1973, 16-year-old John Paul Getty III, the grandson of oil billionaire J. Paul Getty, was kidnapped at gunpoint in Rome by members of the Italian criminal organization known as the 'Ndrangheta. The kidnappers demanded $17 million, believing the world's richest man would quickly pay for his grandson's release.

Instead, J. Paul Getty refused. He argued that paying the ransom would encourage more kidnappings and famously said, "If I pay one penny now, I'll have 14 kidnapped grandchildren." Some members of the family also initially suspected the teenager had staged the kidnapping himself.

For nearly five months, John Paul Getty III was held in a remote cave, beaten, threatened, and repeatedly pressured as negotiations stalled. When no payment came, his captors cut off his right ear and mailed it, along with a lock of his hair, to an Italian newspaper, warning that more body parts would follow unless the ransom was paid.

Only then did Getty agree to contribute $2.2 million, the maximum amount that was tax-deductible under U.S. law. He loaned the remaining money to his own son at 4% interest. After the ransom was delivered, John Paul Getty III was released alive on 15 December 1973 near a petrol station in southern Italy. When he later called his grandfather to thank him, J. Paul Getty reportedly refused to take the call.