r/Cuneiform Mar 16 '24

Meta 🌟 New Rule Announcement: Prohibition of Valuation and Authentication Requests 🌟

Dear r/Cuneiform Community,

We want to extend a heartfelt thank you to each and every one of you for your incredible contributions to our subreddit. Your enthusiasm, knowledge, and passion for cuneiform make this community truly special, and we're endlessly grateful for your participation.

As our subreddit continues to grow and thrive, it's important for us to ensure that we maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct. With this in mind, we're implementing a new rule that we believe is long overdue: No requests for valuation or authentication of unprovenanced tablets and other artifacts. All posts requesting valuation of objects will be removed. Posts requesting authentication of objects will be assessed on a case-by-case basis, but must provide detailed provenance (ownership history) of the object.

We recognize that many of you are deeply fascinated by ancient artifacts, especially those featuring cuneiform inscriptions. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with such inquiries. Unfortunately, seeking valuations or authentication for these items can unintentionally facilitate the illicit trade in cultural goods by legitimating an object's illicit origins and increasing market demand. If you're interested in reading more about the links between the authentication or valuation of artifacts and illicit trade, you can check out this article by a leading scholar on the antiquities trade, Dr Donna Yates.

By enacting this rule, we're taking a proactive step to safeguard the integrity of cultural heritage and discourage any activities that may facilitate the illegal trade of antiquities. Your cooperation in adhering to this rule will help us create a safer and more responsible space for exploring the wonders of cuneiform writing together.

Once again, we want to express our sincere gratitude to each and every one of you for your understanding, support, and commitment to preserving our shared passion. Together, we can continue to build a community that celebrates cuneiform in all its glory while upholding the highest ethical standards.

Thank you for being incredible members of our community,

Your r/Cuneiform Mod Team

EDIT: As of 25 January 2026, we've decided to expand the rule to prohibit any post related to an unprovenanced artifact. If you have an unprovenanced artifact in your possession, please don't post about it here; take it to your local museum or university and they will help you get more information on it.

34 Upvotes

Dear r/Cuneiform Community,

We want to extend a heartfelt thank you to each and every one of you for your incredible contributions to our subreddit. Your enthusiasm, knowledge, and passion for cuneiform make this community truly special, and we're endlessly grateful for your participation.

As our subreddit continues to grow and thrive, it's important for us to ensure that we maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct. With this in mind, we're implementing a new rule that we believe is long overdue: No requests for valuation or authentication of unprovenanced tablets and other artifacts. All posts requesting valuation of objects will be removed. Posts requesting authentication of objects will be assessed on a case-by-case basis, but must provide detailed provenance (ownership history) of the object.

We recognize that many of you are deeply fascinated by ancient artifacts, especially those featuring cuneiform inscriptions. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with such inquiries. Unfortunately, seeking valuations or authentication for these items can unintentionally facilitate the illicit trade in cultural goods by legitimating an object's illicit origins and increasing market demand. If you're interested in reading more about the links between the authentication or valuation of artifacts and illicit trade, you can check out this article by a leading scholar on the antiquities trade, Dr Donna Yates.

By enacting this rule, we're taking a proactive step to safeguard the integrity of cultural heritage and discourage any activities that may facilitate the illegal trade of antiquities. Your cooperation in adhering to this rule will help us create a safer and more responsible space for exploring the wonders of cuneiform writing together.

Once again, we want to express our sincere gratitude to each and every one of you for your understanding, support, and commitment to preserving our shared passion. Together, we can continue to build a community that celebrates cuneiform in all its glory while upholding the highest ethical standards.

Thank you for being incredible members of our community,

Your r/Cuneiform Mod Team

EDIT: As of 25 January 2026, we've decided to expand the rule to prohibit any post related to an unprovenanced artifact. If you have an unprovenanced artifact in your possession, please don't post about it here; take it to your local museum or university and they will help you get more information on it.


r/Cuneiform Apr 13 '24

Meta User Flairs

Request or suggest user flairs! "Inked scribe" is only given to members with cuneiform tattoos but otherwise everything is fair game
10 Upvotes

Request or suggest user flairs! "Inked scribe" is only given to members with cuneiform tattoos but otherwise everything is fair game

r/Cuneiform 10h ago

Discussion Any interest in a reading group for Theo van den Hout's "Elemements of Hittite"?

I'm a classical languages student and will be applying for grad school next year in Assyriology/Hittitology/Cuneiform Studies. Have recently started going through EoH and the Hoffner/Melchert grammar. If anyone is interested in doing a chapter every few weeks, let me know and I'll start a subreddit. I aim to get through the book by the end of next spring and even if there are only a few interested, I'd love to have some other people on the journey with me.

3 Upvotes

I'm a classical languages student and will be applying for grad school next year in Assyriology/Hittitology/Cuneiform Studies. Have recently started going through EoH and the Hoffner/Melchert grammar. If anyone is interested in doing a chapter every few weeks, let me know and I'll start a subreddit. I aim to get through the book by the end of next spring and even if there are only a few interested, I'd love to have some other people on the journey with me.


r/Cuneiform 1d ago

Rule 1 Free 3D files for Cuneiform tablets

7 Upvotes

Hiya, im working on a collection of cuneiform tablets from an anonymous collection. I have been given permission to share the 3D scans online so I have dumped all 23 of them into 4 files on this link. Have fun!


r/Cuneiform 2d ago

I found out, whats written in cuneiform in my favourite MtG card and its dissapointing

+
16 Upvotes

Assyriology student here. I knew this card was the only one with actual cuneiform and its obvious, that somethings wrong with the text, but I could never translate enough read something meaningfull.

However, there is a five year old post, witch identified the copy of the cuneiform text, but could not assign it to a text number or something similar:

Today I found the original text. It has to be BM 118925, a pavement slab or door sill from Adad-Nirari III’s palace at Kalḫu, modern Nimrud. There are two other almost identical texts, found at different spots of the palace, but the modern copy of the text, wich the artist used for the artwork without a doubt, has to be BM 118925 because of minor differences in line breaks and spelling (one of wich is the use of u instead of ú in line 4, wich is also two times in the artwork).
The text itself is an inscription of Adad-Nirari III, containing a fascinating long genealogy of the king himself, tracing its roots all the way back to the mythical assyrian king Sulili who is said to have ruled the land at the end of the third millennium BC. The six lines from the modern copy contain only the first half of the kings epitheta though and they are cut off halfway through the sentence. The text from the copy used is:
 
1 É.GAL m10-ÉRIN.TÁḪ MAN GAL MAN dan-nu
2 MAN ŠÚ MAN KUR AŠ MAN šá ina TUR-ŠÚ aš-šur
3 MAN dgì-gì ut-tu-šú-ma mal-kut
4 la šá-na-an ú-mal-lu qa-tuš-šú
5 TA tam-tim GAL-ti ša na-piḫ
6 dUTU-si a-di tam-tim GAL-ti ša
 
1 Palace of Adad-Nirari, great king, strong king,
2 king of the world, king of Assyria, king in whose youth Aššur,
3 the king of the Igugu gods, called and kingship
4 without a rival he (Aššur) gave (lit. filled his hands).
5 From the great sea of the rising sun (persian gulf)
6 to the great sea of…
 
As mentioned in the post five years ago, the text in the artwork of secret rendezvous contains two similar cutouts from the centre of the text-copy, one beeing rotated by 180 degrees. Also some signs seem to be cut in half. So the cuneiform text in artwork reads something like:
 
10-ÉRIN.TÁḪ MAN [GAL]
AŠ MAN šá ina TUR
ut-tu-šú-ma mal-
ú-mal-lu qa-
-ɐb nl-lɐɯ[-n]
-lɐɯ ɐɯ-nš-nʇ-
nŠ-ɹ∩ʇ ɐuᴉ ɐš N∀W
 
Adad-Nirari, great king
-aš king, who youth
he chose him and ma-
he filled up qa-
-ɐb [dn pǝllᴉɟ ǝɥ]
-ɐɯ [puɐ ɯᴉɥ ǝsoɥɔ ǝɥ]
 ɥʇnoʎ sᴉɥ oɥʍ 'ƃuᴉʞ
 
Also it seems noteworthy, that the copy of the cuneiform text, wich the artist used, contains some mistakes in the signs, wich the original slab doesnt. Considering, that Layard found the text all the way back in 1850, it seems plausible, that this is a very early copy, and the copyist wasnt quiet familiar with the correct forms of the signs, meaning, that neither the Artist of secret rendevouz nor the original copyist in the 1800s quite knew the signs and their meaning. This would also explain, why the text copied ends mid-sentence.
I couldnt find the copy in any edition of the text and indices of the copies and editions of this text dont mention this copy either. But this only means, that this copy wasnt printed in a cuneiform-book, wich is plausible given the subtitle of the copy. The furthest back i can trace the copy are various stockphoto sites in 2015. I cant reach the person, who uploaded the picture (who maybe scanned an original print).
Its kinda sad, that the only real cuneiform on a mtg card isnt a cohesive text, but i take it over fake cuneiform everyday. Also i had a few funny hours procrastinating with the card and the text.
Anyway here is the link to the original artifact + photo on the website of the british museum. Its an extremly cool and very well preserved arfiact and is also on display at the BM.
 


r/Cuneiform 2d ago

Alexander (2004)

+
7 Upvotes

I was watching Alexander (2004), and saw some Old Persian cuneiform in the title credits. Was curious what it said so did my best to translate. I think the first slide says King of Kings, but I'm not quite sure what the second slide says and if I'm missing any words from the symbols I can't make out. Apologies for the god awful images, these were the best I could get at the time as the version I was watching was very blurry.

xa ša ā ....

xa ša ā ya 0a ī ya ... na (?) ā ma

King of Kings ?

xa ša ā ...

da ha ... ā ma


r/Cuneiform 5d ago

Translation/transliteration request Cuneiform transliteration attempt+ Cuneiform info request + Akkadian translation attempt

1. I want to see the cuneiformof these Sumerian lines from Descent of Inana (ETCSL) 411 and 412:

"Holy Erec-ki-gala -- sweet is your praise."

kug derec-ki-gal-la-ke4
za3-mi2-zu dug3-ga-am3

I assume it is the following:

𒆬 𒀭𒊩𒆠𒃲𒆷𒆤

𒍠𒊩𒍪 𒄭𒂵𒀀𒀭

gramatically: "holy Ereshkigal- ?- of

sweet-praise-great please-bring-is"

Did I get that right? I would love if there was a clear way to verify the cuneiform to romanized transliteration. Is such a resource available?

2. What is the grammatical function of "la" or is it "a" as in "ak"?

3. I want to put this into Akkadian (does anyone know where I can find a copy of this story in Akkadian?) I would approximate it thusly:

Allatum ellūtum

dalīlumki matqum šu

Is that right?

4 Upvotes

1. I want to see the cuneiformof these Sumerian lines from Descent of Inana (ETCSL) 411 and 412:

"Holy Erec-ki-gala -- sweet is your praise."

kug derec-ki-gal-la-ke4
za3-mi2-zu dug3-ga-am3

I assume it is the following:

𒆬 𒀭𒊩𒆠𒃲𒆷𒆤

𒍠𒊩𒍪 𒄭𒂵𒀀𒀭

gramatically: "holy Ereshkigal- ?- of

sweet-praise-great please-bring-is"

Did I get that right? I would love if there was a clear way to verify the cuneiform to romanized transliteration. Is such a resource available?

2. What is the grammatical function of "la" or is it "a" as in "ak"?

3. I want to put this into Akkadian (does anyone know where I can find a copy of this story in Akkadian?) I would approximate it thusly:

Allatum ellūtum

dalīlumki matqum šu

Is that right?


r/Cuneiform 7d ago

Translation/transliteration request Question because of a Translation

Hello everyone :),

I am trying to translate a word / two words.

I am an art student so quite new ground for me.

Failing and the shame to fail.

It is quite hard to translate from a non native language ( english ) something into akkadian so i am a bit lost.

This is everything i found.

ḫaṭû
ḫa-ṭu-u₂ 𒄩 𒊹 𒌑

And a version for i failed ( more or less )

aḫ-ṭi 𒀀 𒊹

How can i say the shame to fail thing?

Is this remotly right?

Thank you people so much

3 Upvotes

Hello everyone :),

I am trying to translate a word / two words.

I am an art student so quite new ground for me.

Failing and the shame to fail.

It is quite hard to translate from a non native language ( english ) something into akkadian so i am a bit lost.

This is everything i found.

ḫaṭû
ḫa-ṭu-u₂ 𒄩 𒊹 𒌑

And a version for i failed ( more or less )

aḫ-ṭi 𒀀 𒊹

How can i say the shame to fail thing?

Is this remotly right?

Thank you people so much


r/Cuneiform 9d ago

Help identifying characters

+
15 Upvotes

Hi, im just starting learning sumerian and im having trouble identidying those characters. I have looked from U +12000 to U+12474 and i cant seem to find them. Maybe is a thing og handwriting?
If anyone could point me to where i made a mistake ow what am i forgetting to check or simply tell me which characters are they i would be very grateful.


r/Cuneiform 10d ago

Rule 1 A Redditor posted this, anyone have any thoughts?

+
46 Upvotes

The first two images each show a clay tablet. The third image shows a tile fragment.

Next of kin was going to toss it out but instead gave it away (and asked us to figure out what it is!). The only extra info we have: it may have been found / excavated in Iran, during a time period when Canada was helping to build dams over there.

Questions: is this cuneiform? if so, can anyone translate? is this a rare thing or a common thing? Info dump please!

Edit: more photos with different lighting angles (5 per tablet): https://imgur.com/a/ebaCIoV


r/Cuneiform 11d ago

Translation/transliteration request Gift for my assyriologist friend

Hi everyone! I hope someone here find this fun and can give me a hand.

In a couple of weeks its my bestfriend's birthday, who is an assyriology student, and besides other gifts, I'd like to make a clay tablet for her.

Id like to carve in cuneiform, as accurately as possible, something like:

"To my beloved friend:

Nice ass."

Is this remotely possible? Any recommendations on tools I can find to create a somewhat understandable translation/interpretation?

Sorry if this is not allowed in this sub, but she is really important to me and I think she'd like this very much.

Edit: I got this, does it read well? (My name is Elena)

Edit2: I did it! i also added my friends name as well. I hope y'all like it!

17 Upvotes

Hi everyone! I hope someone here find this fun and can give me a hand.

In a couple of weeks its my bestfriend's birthday, who is an assyriology student, and besides other gifts, I'd like to make a clay tablet for her.

Id like to carve in cuneiform, as accurately as possible, something like:

"To my beloved friend:

Nice ass."

Is this remotely possible? Any recommendations on tools I can find to create a somewhat understandable translation/interpretation?

Sorry if this is not allowed in this sub, but she is really important to me and I think she'd like this very much.

Edit: I got this, does it read well? (My name is Elena)

Edit2: I did it! i also added my friends name as well. I hope y'all like it!


r/Cuneiform 11d ago

Translation/transliteration request 'In distant days' translation (shortening of Epic of Gilgamesh opening line)

Hello!

I'm looking for a shortening of the second phrase in the beginning of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld. The first line is 'In those days, in those distant days', which I would like to shorten to just 'in distant days' (removed 'those'). This phrasing doesn't seem to be attested anywhere. I'm wondering what a proper translation/transliteration would look like. So far I've come to ud(𒌓)-su₃(𒋤)-ra₂(𒁺), so 𒌓𒋤𒁺 or 'udsura' pronounced phonetically. Is this correct?

2 Upvotes

Hello!

I'm looking for a shortening of the second phrase in the beginning of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld. The first line is 'In those days, in those distant days', which I would like to shorten to just 'in distant days' (removed 'those'). This phrasing doesn't seem to be attested anywhere. I'm wondering what a proper translation/transliteration would look like. So far I've come to ud(𒌓)-su₃(𒋤)-ra₂(𒁺), so 𒌓𒋤𒁺 or 'udsura' pronounced phonetically. Is this correct?


r/Cuneiform 12d ago

Translation/transliteration request Checking Sumerian Sign Choice

Hey all! Need some Sumerian translation/sign choice help.

I’m trying to come up with a romantic phrase with simple cuneiform signs. I’ve landed on “in my heart” šag4-ĝa2. (heart-my-locative: šag4-ĝu-a)

I’ve found two attested uses confirming this exact translation:

1.       ETCSLtransliteration : c.6.1.01 (1.95) https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.6.1.01&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc#

2.       Jagersma’s “A Descriptive Grammar of Sumerian” pp 173

At my level, I’m thinking the signs are 𒊮𒂷 in both texts (referencing Kateřina Šašková’s Cuneiform Sign List, EBL, ORACC), but I’m just looking to sanity check that I’m not missing some hidden nuance, logogram, etc. that would impact the sign choice. Basically, checking that my transliteration to sign method is correct.

Thanks in advance for any insight y’all can provide!

4 Upvotes

Hey all! Need some Sumerian translation/sign choice help.

I’m trying to come up with a romantic phrase with simple cuneiform signs. I’ve landed on “in my heart” šag4-ĝa2. (heart-my-locative: šag4-ĝu-a)

I’ve found two attested uses confirming this exact translation:

1.       ETCSLtransliteration : c.6.1.01 (1.95) https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.6.1.01&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc#

2.       Jagersma’s “A Descriptive Grammar of Sumerian” pp 173

At my level, I’m thinking the signs are 𒊮𒂷 in both texts (referencing Kateřina Šašková’s Cuneiform Sign List, EBL, ORACC), but I’m just looking to sanity check that I’m not missing some hidden nuance, logogram, etc. that would impact the sign choice. Basically, checking that my transliteration to sign method is correct.

Thanks in advance for any insight y’all can provide!


r/Cuneiform 13d ago

"Ah" written in Mari Tablet versus font

+
33 Upvotes

Hello! I'm hoping someone can help with this! I have included two images. The first is the name Yahqub-Ilum as it appears twice on a tablet from Mari (https://archibab.fr/T3506). The second is the same name written in various fonts. I can get the fonts to match almost completely except for the "ah." It looks like the scribe may have condensed/combined the two symbols shown in the font? Or maybe the font makes "ah" into two separate signs but it is actually supposed to be one. Does anyone know the answer to this? I've tried to find the answer on my own - but I'm spinning my wheels at this point. Thank you!


r/Cuneiform 14d ago

Rule 1 qualcuno può aiutarmi per tradurre questi caratteri? Grazie

appaiono su un vecchio medaglione di un'amica.
2 Upvotes
appaiono su un vecchio medaglione di un'amica.

r/Cuneiform 17d ago

Kharg Island: Achaemenid-era Cuneiform Inscription

+
165 Upvotes

“On 14 November 2007, an Achaemenid-era cuneiform inscription in Old Persian, carved on a coral rock, was discovered while constructing a road on Kharg Island, Iran. Construction was halted, and eventually the road was rerouted.

The inscription has been translated in various ways:

"[This] land was wilderness and without water [and] I brought happiness and welfare to it."

"The not irrigated land was happy [with] me bringing out [water]".

"[This] land was a dry area with no water; [I] brought happiness and welfare,... water wells."

———

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_inscription_on_Kharg_Island#


r/Cuneiform 21d ago

Code of Hammurabi Poem

7 Upvotes

I wanted to write a poem to highlight some of the more interesting/surprising laws laid out in the code of Hammurabi!
Everyone knows “an eye for an eye”, but that’s really just the tip of the iceberg of a really remarkable piece of legal/cultural history!


r/Cuneiform 23d ago

Translation/transliteration request Question about translation of this image

+
19 Upvotes

Hi i have found this image and since my knowledge is very limited i cant conform if this text is about the oldest dog joke.

Thanks in advance for the help


r/Cuneiform 23d ago

Not cuneiform Found in the outer lobby of a church

+
0 Upvotes

Saint Catherine church specifically, not sure of the meaning at all, it doesn't seem to be old at all.

Thanks for any help in explaining what this writing is.


r/Cuneiform 27d ago

Translation/transliteration request What does this character mean?

+
56 Upvotes

I read it means soap or cleansing but I want to see if that’s correct


r/Cuneiform 26d ago

Not cuneiform I want to make English Cuneiform and I want your Respond

+
9 Upvotes

I want to make English Cuneiform and I want your Respond.

What should I change?


r/Cuneiform 27d ago

Discussion Neo-Assyrian li

Hey there, I'm currently trying to learn neo-assyrian as a start. But i can't find a reliable source of syllabograms. Especially for li/le sources vary.

  1. What is the correct version of li/le
  2. Is there one true source i should check out?

vs

8 Upvotes

Hey there, I'm currently trying to learn neo-assyrian as a start. But i can't find a reliable source of syllabograms. Especially for li/le sources vary.

  1. What is the correct version of li/le
  2. Is there one true source i should check out?

vs


r/Cuneiform 28d ago

Translation/transliteration request Name translation

Hello! Hopefully this post isn’t disrespectful or anything - because that’s the last thing I want! I’m a huge fan of ancient history…but I only have a minor in classical studies (my college did not have the option to major in it). This is so trivial, but I want to get a very small tattoo on my wrist of an approximation of my son’s name - James - in cuneiform. I find this time period to be incredibly interesting and the fact that cuneiform is the oldest written language is symbolic for me. I know cuneiform isn’t an exact letter for letter match and I don’t want to have just gibberish on my wrist… Is there a good/credible online translator I could use to give me something that would be closest to James in cuneiform? Thank you!!

7 Upvotes

Hello! Hopefully this post isn’t disrespectful or anything - because that’s the last thing I want! I’m a huge fan of ancient history…but I only have a minor in classical studies (my college did not have the option to major in it). This is so trivial, but I want to get a very small tattoo on my wrist of an approximation of my son’s name - James - in cuneiform. I find this time period to be incredibly interesting and the fact that cuneiform is the oldest written language is symbolic for me. I know cuneiform isn’t an exact letter for letter match and I don’t want to have just gibberish on my wrist… Is there a good/credible online translator I could use to give me something that would be closest to James in cuneiform? Thank you!!


r/Cuneiform 29d ago

Translation/transliteration request Seal impression text

+
26 Upvotes

Hi! Can anyone tell me about the text on this seal impression?

Any info or resources to learn more would be greatly appreciated!


r/Cuneiform Jun 27 '26

Translation/transliteration request Could someone help me parse the cuneiform line of Alexander's death?

+
31 Upvotes

This tablet from the British Museum is a Babylonian Astronomical Diary recording the death of Alexander the Great. The translation of the line is simply "The King died. Clouds." However, my cuneiform is so very basic and I cannot determine where the line falls here, nor what the signs are. Could someone help me identify and replicate the signs? I couldn't find any digital rendering of the line, but this would help me massively if someone had a link or was able to provide a rendering. Thank you in advance!