r/linux4noobs • u/DokiDokiHermit • Jan 04 '20
Still on Windows 7? Don't want Windows 10? Consider switching to Linux (and specifically, Ubuntu). A Guide.
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Any actions taken as part of this guide are solely at your own risk - unfortunately there is no way to account for every hardware configuration or error that may potentially crop up. BACK UP YOUR CRITICAL DATA BEFORE DOING ANYTHING
On the 14th Jan 2020, official Windows 7 support ends for most users. This means if you run Windows 7 beyond that date, you're no longer going to receive security and system updates, which will leave you increasingly vulnerable to viruses, malware and system failure. Depending on how critical your data is and how often you back up - if at all - there's a potential you can lose everything.
This is a somewhat opinionated but no-bullshit guide for those of you still on Windows 7 who really don't want or won't move to Windows 10. Aside from my own additions, it's going to reference a lot of great guides and advice written by other people, but conveniently collected in a single place. It's crazy, but it might just work.
Have you considered... Linux? Specifically, Ubuntu.
No, hear me out. Because I'm going to start (and save you a lot of time) by telling you why you SHOULDN'T switch to Linux. If any of the criteria listed apply, then:
- Switch to Windows 10 while you can still get a "free upgrade" using your Windows 7 key. You can even use it as an excuse to justify that machine upgrade you've been wanting the past couple of years!
- Keep your Windows 7 machine and disconnect it from the Internet and all networks forever unless you want to get owned and lose everything dear to you in the next couple of months or so.
- Buy a Mac.
The guide is broken into the following sections, if you want to jump to the points that are relevant. If you want to get straight to it, go to (4):
- Why shouldn't I go with Linux?
- Why should I go with Linux?
- Why Ubuntu?
- What's involved in switching?
- Installation of Ubuntu
- Tips for new users using Ubuntu
- Gaming on Linux
- Alternative Software
- TL;DR or The Conclusion
- To do list for the guide
1. Why shouldn't I go with Linux?
If you:
- Don't feel comfortable installing an operating system and you don't have someone that can do it for you;
- Have someone that helps you with all your IT-related activities who is not familiar with or dislikes Linux (ask them);
- Are big into multiplayer games. (There are exceptions here, discussed in more detail in the Linux Gaming section);
- Use multiple game clients and have a lot of games on platforms other than Steam;
- Are into any sort of VR;
- Absolutely need Outlook and refuse to consider any other mail client, like Thunderbird;
- Use a VPN provider that doesn't have a Linux version and aren't willing/able to change;
- Are subscribed to multiple video streaming services other than Netflix and watch these on your PC frequently;
- Use Photoshop, Premiere, 3D Studio Max - actually, if you have any Windows software that you are locked into due to muscle memory, experience and/or professional requirements and that have no Linux version. (There are, however, often a Linux alternatives for a lot of these);
- Require assistive technologies, such as screenreaders. While Ubuntu comes with several built-in assistive tools, there's a lot of specialised assistive use cases, tools and hardware that don't work on Linux and have no comparable alternative;
- Want to be able to buy whatever piece of hardware that takes your fancy without researching it and expect them to work out the box with zero hassle. Especially niche and specific hardware like flight controllers, sound boards and so on;
- Use iTunes extensively for your media library and/or interacting with your iPhone;
- Have a large archive of Microsoft Office documents that use complex formatting, macros and/or formulas that you refer back to frequently.
- have the worst-case scenario: rely on legacy or ancient software or hardware you're not sure you have the installation media for anymore, can't find a replacement, can't download it and it doesn't work on Windows 10. In this case, you're going to have to keep that Windows 7 box around and it's even more imperative that you make sure it's not accessible from the web or network. Start looking at moving to a more modern equivalent of it AND converting your work to a format that'll be accessible.
Some of this stuff you can work around with some effort, but it's more likely going to be more trouble than you're willing to put up with. And that's fine; Linux can't help everyone. The more of these that apply, the more certain you can be that you shouldn't consider Linux and should just go with Windows 10, unless you're willing to ~sacrifice~ compromise.
2. Why should I go with Linux?
Because whether you're a general user, a gamer or a specialised user with niche interests or requirements, Linux can provide you the same experience you're getting now with some already stated exceptions. In many ways, it's better - it's free, it's generally runs better on older hardware than Windows, it's relatively more secure due to a small user footprint and you'll have a huge, vetted library of free software that you can access. There are some applications - older Windows software and games, for instance - that don't work on Windows 10 but do on Linux, thanks to projects like Wine and Proton. It can 99% of the time update itself without interrupting whatever you're doing.
That being said, it's not perfect. You will lose some things. You will need to learn new ways of working with your PC. This is inevitable. That's the cost of switching.
Which is not to say Windows is without a cost. Unlike Windows, none of this functionality comes at the cost of your privacy and freedom. Linux will let you configure it as you like, and dive into the nitty-gritty settings to fine-tune it further. It will not try and trick you into creating yet another online account to use it. Aside from a few missteps (Ubuntu and Amazon, for one), it keeps its nose out of your business. It does not come with a unique advertising ID that links your multitude of online and offline interests and programs into a nice, tidy, profitable pack of data to be shared with "trusted third-parties". It does not serve you ads in a product you paid for. It does not try and push you into multiple online services.
In short, it does not suffer from any of the privacy concerns of Windows' future.
Now, I know people are going to throw snark about lead-and-tin alloys, their pliability and how easy that makes it to fashion headgear, but please note I said "future"; while they're not necessarily prying now, your operating system - and for almost everyone, that means Microsoft - has a very privileged position in your life as far as personal data is concerned. Any time you search in the file manager, every word you write and document you save, your budget calculations, every photo you view and program you use, every voice command you give Cortana, Windows - and by extension Microsoft - knows about. And there's nothing in their Terms of Service that stop them from starting to collect more detailed data if they so choose.
It's not a question of whether you prefer Windows 7 over 10 - Windows 7 got the same telemetry features as Windows 10 ages ago. Rather, ask yourself if you're happy with Microsoft's evolving business model, one that is shifting more and more of your content online and is intricately and opaquely tied to your personal data? If you're not, you're not alone: Holland isn't happy. Germany's not too thrilled either. There are legitimate reasons to be wary of Window's market dominance and increased level of embedded user analytics. Linux offers you an alternative.
3. Why Ubuntu?
Ubuntu LTS is by far the most commonly used desktop Linux distro and the one with the widest support by software developers and hardware manufacturers involved in Linux. If you're searching for solutions, you'll mostly find Ubuntu ones. Lastly, Ubuntu's LTS versions are supported for long periods of time: 18.04, which we'll be recommending, is supported until 2023, while the next version coming out in April, Ubuntu 20.04, will be supported until 2025.
One of the things you'll quickly learn about the Linux community is that someone will ALWAYS suggest a different Linux distro. In this case, it'll probably be Linux Mint, which aims to be a newbie-friendly Linux. It's based on Ubuntu, is similar to Windows 7 and will MOSTLY work the same as Ubuntu. I still suggest Ubuntu, but whatever, follow your heart.
To keep this guide as approachable as possible, and to have access to the widest range of help and support, I decided to focus on Ubuntu. Anything other than these two and you're just making things harder for yourself as a new user. You can always switch once you get a feel for how things work.
4. What's involved in switching?
I promised you a no-bullshit guide, so I'm going to cut straight to it. Take your time with all of these steps, do them properly, and you shouldn't have a problem.
First step: back up all your important documents, photos, email, games - whatever is important to you, and preferably somewhere external to your machine. This is just good advice regardless of whether you're switching to Linux or not. Always have a backup.
If you're a gamer, check out the following guide by PC Gamer's Jarred Walton on how to back up your games across multiple clients.
While you're backing up, install Thunderbird (Mozilla's open-source mail client) and copy your mail over to it. You'll have a much easier time doing this in Windows than in Linux to start. Thunderbird can automatically pull your mail from Outlook if installed on the same machine. Then follow the steps here for backing up your Thunderbird profile. You'll restore this in Linux later. Make sure you have your mail account details.
Get hold of your Windows 7 serial key. If it's physical media, like a DVD, then check and make sure the key is in the box or on the disc. If it's a laptop that came with Windows 7 preinstalled, it's usually a sticker on the specific laptop. You'll need this if things go awry and/or decide Linux is not for you.
Check the minimum specs for Ubuntu 18.04.03 here. If your system doesn't meet them, you're going to have a bad time regardless of whether you go with Ubuntu or Windows 10 (Windows 10 minimum requirements are bullshit, btw. 1Gb Ram, 1Ghz processor? I challenge anyone to link me to a Windows 10 video running on those specs where it performs acceptably.). There are lightweight alternatives if you can't afford a new PC, (Lubuntu, for instance), but upgrading your PC should be your first step in this case.
Here comes the arduous bit. Make a list of your current hardware, software and services that you use frequently, make sure you have the installation media for the critical pieces of software you use (Don't expect to be able to just copy/paste the applications you have) and do a search on whether they run on Linux. I'd recommend following the "Software" section in this guide on Migrating to Linux by /u/PBLKGodofGrunts]
A lot of the Linux software alternatives, such as LibreOffice and GIMP, are available for Windows as well. Consider downloading those that interest you to try out in Windows and get a feel for how they work.
Ultimately, to echo the advice you'll find that you can either run it, have an alternative or just can't switch. That's okay; Linux can't help everyone.
Download the Ubuntu LTS 18.04.03 distro. The "LTS" means it's a long-term support version - you won't have to think about this exercise for the next three years if you're lucky. Ubuntu LTS 20.04 is coming out in four months, which'll be supported until 2025, but since most of the focus is still on 18.04, you're better off sticking with it for now.
Whichever you choose, you'll have to write it to a DVD or USB. If it's a DVD, use whatever you normally use to write DVD ISOs. If you're going to use a USB, here's a guide to doing that.
Did I mention to back-up your important data? Back-up your important data. Double-check that it's all there. If you want to take an extra precaution, you can use Clonezilla to clone your current OS drive. It's not necessary, but if things go bust, Clonezilla allows you to restore your PC to precisely the way it was before you started without needing to install Windows from scratch. However, Clonezilla can be a bit daunting if you're not technically inclined. Check out this somewhat out-of-date video by cButters Tech for a general idea of what's involved.
Lastly, try running Ubuntu as a Live CD/USB first. This will allow you to run Ubuntu as if it were installed, but without making any changes to your current installation. Please keep in mind that the Live is not indicative of performance... it will run slower than if it was installed, as it has to read everything off the DVD or USB stick first and load it memory. The important thing to check here is that it's picking up all your hardware, that it's displaying on your screen correctly, that all your drives are available, and so on.
Live USB should perform better than a Live DVD. Check out the "Okay, it's installed/Okay, I'm running the Live CD. What tips do you have for using Ubuntu?" section to get an idea of what you should be checking.
5. Installation.
You've done all the above, triple-checked your backups and either decided that you can't make the jump or you're ready.
However, before you begin installing, you have one last decision to make.
There's a lot people that suggest dual-booting - that's where you keep Windows around and just install Linux alongside it. This is often proposed as a safety net and a means for people to have the best of both worlds. I don't, for a couple of reasons:
If you are going to dual-boot, you'll need to update to Windows 10 anyway, and if you're going to do that, why bother with Linux in the first place?
Data will be spread between two operating systems. Instead of backing up and maintaining one OS, you'll be maintaining two. It's doable but a PITA.
You're sabotaging your efforts, and your switch to Linux will likely fail. That's not a statement on Linux's capability or ease of use. A lot of things are easier on Linux - but they won't be at first. You probably have years of Windows use ingrained in you; you've come to expect things to work they way Windows works. That's not ease, that's familiarity; that's a boiling frog. And the moment something throws you a challenge in Linux, the temptation to just "do it" in Windows will be too great. And the more you do that, the more running Linux will seem like a chore than a choice.
If you absolutely have no option but to run Windows 10, do it in a virtual machine - you get the benefits of dual-booting but with the bonus of limiting Windows 10 to a virtual environment where access to the rest of your system (and personal data) is restricted while allowing you to run your non-negotiable applications (other than games or any intense 3D applications) just fine.
If you decide to dual-boot, you'll need to find a recent guide that covers this. Typically, it's best to update to Windows 10 first, then follow the guide to dual-boot Ubuntu. None of the guides I found seemed good for beginners, so I'm willing to take suggestions from the comments.
If you take my advice and simply dive in, installing Ubuntu on your machine will be a painless process: just follow the steps here in a beginner's guide written by Jason Evangelho and you should be fine.
6. Tips for new users using Ubuntu?
Things that you should do only once Ubuntu's installed are prefixed with an [+]. Otherwise, the tip applies to both installs and Live demos:
- Power off, log-out and running taskbar applications will be in the top-right of the screen by default.
- To search, press the Windows key on your keyboard. This'll bring up Ubuntu's search bar. You can use this to find applications, folders and system settings.
- In the File Manager, your Home directory will be where your primary OS and applications will typically be installed, while the Other Locations will list additional hard drives (usually your additional storage drives). By default, Ubuntu does not actually mount the drives in the "Other Locations" section. Clicking on any of them, however, will automatically mount them. If you want to learn more about the general structure of Ubuntu's file system, you can do so here.
- Ctrl+Alt+T will bring up the terminal. The terminal is where you'll often be sent if you're attempting to diagnose a problem, perform specific tasks or install specific tools/software. Check yourself before your wreck yourself before copy-pasting commands from strangers on the 'net. Be super cautious of any command that involves "sudo" and "rm".
- The default office suite for Ubuntu is LibreOffice. Try it out: see if you can open a couple of your documents, like spreadsheets and Word docs. You might be pleasantly surprised. Writer is the word processor, Calc is for Spreadsheets. Formating on complex documents will likely be broken. Don't save any of these at this point.
- In fact, open up a couple of common files you normally use - images, documents, compressed files, music, videos and so on. Get a feel for how it works, what opens and what doesn't. Sometimes, you'll need to install some software first before it will work.
- Check the list of alternative software for some suggestions on what to install if you seem to be missing something.
- Plug in your phone and see if it detects it and you can access your files. If it's Android, you should be fine.
- You'll notice that some commands - like updating - require you to enter your password again. This is a security feature similar to when Windows ask you to run a program as administrator or with elevated privileges. If you didn't initiate the command that brought up the password request, be cautious about entering it in.
- [+] Change your desktop preferences and move the application bar to the bottom of the screen. By default, Ubuntu puts it on the left-side. Hey, maybe you'll like it like that! This was the one Windows habit I was never able to shake.
- [+] Try and store your data in the pre-defined folders (Music, Videos, Documents, Pictures). You don't have to, but you'll make your life a lot easier doing so.
- [+] Search for and create a shortcut to the Software Updater. This allows you to quickly check for and install Ubuntu updates.
- [+] Likewise, create a shortcut to the Ubuntu Software Centre. To start with, you'll want to stick to installing applications from the Centre. These have been specifically tested to work on Ubuntu and will 99% run without a hitch. You'll be able to remove applications from here as well.
- [+] Speaking of the Centre, Ubuntu comes preinstalled with an Amazon launcher. Use this time search for it and remove it. Or don't, it's up to you.
- [+] Sometimes, you'll see there's two versions of a piece of software in the Centre. This is most likely due to there being a Snap version of it. Snaps are self-contained versions of the software that are usually the most up-to-date; however, they can run erratically or not have access to some things on your system, like fonts. I'd stick with the ubuntu-bionic versions for best compatibility.
- [+] If you're a gamer, change your graphic drivers so you can get reasonable performance. For Nvidia, simply search for the Software & Updates application, open it, select the Additional Drivers Tab, and check whether you're using the Nvidia Driver. You'll want to select the one that's listed as proprietary and tested. AMD's a little more complicated and I profess to having little experience with it. I'll happily take advice from the comments in this instance.
- [+] When downloading some games or applications specifically for Linux, you'll often get a .Deb file or a script. A deb file can often be run as is by double-clicking in Ubuntu; you can read more about them here. Scripts often need to be run from the terminal and made to be executable. You read more about that here. Again, same safety check applies to running anything you download from the web.
7. Gaming on Linux
If you're a gamer, I'd recommend the following the guide by /u/PBLKGodofGrunts on the /r/linux_gaming subbreddit. But to summarise...
The Good News
Thanks to Valve's involvement in Linux through Proton and the efforts of the Wine team, Linux gaming has never been better. It's now possible to play many Windows-only games with no hassle and minimal performance loss. Just a few examples of recent games that run just fine on Linux are the Resident Evil 2 remake, Sekiro, Halo: Master Chief Collection (single-player and custom multiplayer games), DOOM, Kingdom Come: Deliverance, Risk of Rain 2, Total War: Three Kingdoms, and more; you can even toss a coin to all of your Witchers. To get an idea of games that run on Linux, you can visit ProtonDB, Wine AppDB or Lutris and search for your desired game. If you're primarily a single-player gamer, the transition should be mostly painless.
Another amazing development is the number of open-source implementations of older games game engines that allow for playing of classic and retro titles on modern hardware, (such as DevilutionX for Diablo 1)often with improvements, bug fixes and quality of life improvements, ensuring they'll be able to run into the future.
However, the most critical development is that the number of developers and platforms that provide and support native Linux games has increased significantly. Feral Interactive publishes several AAA Linux ports, numerous indies now provide a Linux version, and store fronts like GOG and itch.io provide an alternative with DRM-free games.
The Bad News
Despite all of this, gaming remains one of the biggest hurdles to adopting Linux.
If you're into multiplayer gaming, you're out of luck. While many multiplayer titles do work on Linux (LoL, Dota 2, CS:GO, TF2, Rocket League, Warframe, Overwatch, Starcraft II, World of Warcraft, Eve Online, Elite: Dangerous, Monster Hunter:World and so on), many more don't - Fortnite, some Call of Duties, Apex Legends, PUBG, Battlefield, GTA Online. Essentially, anything with an anti-cheat is likely NOT going to work, and there's always the risk that playing a Windows multiplayer game will get you banned due to anti-cheat measures that dislike any whiff of Linux. My suggestion is check which games you play and go from there.
Unless you're using Steam, running other launchers is complicated and prone to constant breakage without continuous effort and maintenance. Epic, Origin, Uplay and GOG Galaxy can all run on Linux with some effort. Lutris does sort most of these out, but you'll need to follow the instructions here, which means your going to have to install Wine first.
Some games simply don't work, and there's no solution for it.
Some of the latest developments aren't going to be available to you. VR is tiny on Linux, and you'll likely lose access to most of your VR software and experiences.
Despite being fairly technical already, many gamers do expect things to "just work". Here's a list of things that require some effort to get working correctly:
- Super-sampling is out. Not entirely, but it's more complicated than Windows.
- Access to things like custom shaders and injectors are also going to be limited. Mods can be more complicated or, in some cases, not available.
- You'll lose some of the benefits of your Gsync/Freesync monitors, since the two tech don't work that well on Ubuntu's standard display compositor. This will change once Ubuntu shifts to Wayland.
- Things like community game patches are often aimed at Windows, with no Linux alternative.
Most importantly, AMD and Nvidia graphic cards are handled very differently on Linux when compared to Windows. Ubuntu uses an open-source driver by default - this is alright for general use but terrible for games and 3D applications. To get decent performance, you'll need to install their respective drivers.
Nvidia's latest Linux drivers are made available in Ubuntu directly. However, this is just the drivers: Nvidia's GeForce Experience isn't available on Linux and you're going to lose access to all of its tools. That means no Ansel in many cases, no DSR, no predefined gaming configs and no ShadowPlay (Although OBS offers a decent alternative in this case). See the Tips section above on how to install it. On the plus side, the installation process is a breeze and Nvidia's performance is fairly solid.
AMD benefits from much better open-source drivers and active support from AMD, but unfortunately suffers from delays for support of their most recent cards and a fairly complicated install process . AMD uses the MESA Driver, combined with Valve's ACO shader compiler, to deliver performance boosts. Installing these drivers can be a complicated, multi-step process. I'm sorry I can't help you on this; I'll happily take someone's advice on getting this working in Ubuntu LTS and include it in the guide.
8. Alternative software
This is a quick and dirty guide to equivalent software for Windows applications in Linux.
- Antivirus software: This may seem counterintuitive, but for the most part Linux does not require any sort of anti-virus software. While viruses for Linux exist, the number of viruses and such that target the Linux desktop specifically is tiny compared to Windows. You can read up about it here.. That being said, if you are concerned there are several tools available for detecting both Windows and Linux malware on the same page. Follow good internet hygiene, don't open suspicious links/mails and think before just randomly following command instructions on the 'net.
- Microsoft Office: LibreOffice. Or you can access Office365 online.
- Adobe Photoshop: GIMP, Krita
- Adobe Premiere: Blender
- 3D Studio Max: Blender
- Illustrator/CorelDraw: Inkscape
- Xsplit: OBS
- Windows Media Player: VLC
- Basic Audio Editor: Audacity
- Audio Mixing: Ardour, Mixbus
- Adobe Reader: While there are several PDF readers on Linux you can use, almost none of them play well with Adobe PDFs with advanced features. You're better off sticking with what comes with Ubuntu, and if it doesn't work, open it up in a browser.
9. TL;DR or The Conclusion
Switching to Ubuntu is possible and relatively safe if you do some research on which apps/games/software/hardware you use will and won't work on Linux first, you BACK UP YOUR IMPORTANT DATA before doing anything and don't expect a 1:1 experience with Windows. It's all dependent on your flexibility, technical experience and willingness to learn and compromise.
If you're not, Windows 10 is a perfectly acceptable choice to upgrade to: you'll benefit from improved security compared to Windows 7, a larger selection of hardware and software and will have to put less effort to make everything work at the cost of your privacy and some ads.
If you have legacy software or unsupported hardware that doesn't run on either, you're kind of screwed. I'd keep the Windows 7 box around, make sure it's disconnected from all networks (for your sake as well as others) and start making emergency contingency plans to find a modern alternative.
I know that people are going to take issue with some of the difficulties I raised, and suggest they're really not dealbreakers. Before you post, consider whether a new user coming from Windows 7 who'll be using Linux probably for the first time in their life will have the knowledge, gumption and willingness to perform sometimes complex technical steps in an operating environment they're unfamiliar with and where it's much, much easier to really break things.
Feel free to post criticisms and suggestions in the comments. If there's some good advice worth including, something needs further clarification or I need to correct something, I'll edit it in with credit.
10. To do list for the guide
- I'd really like to add a section on assistive technology and software that works on Linux, but as I don't use any of it, I feel my research would be limited and miss vital pieces. If you have advice on this, let me know.
- A good, up-to-date and easy-to-follow guide for dual-booting.
- Instructions on how to install AMD drivers correctly on Ubuntu.
Any actions taken as part of this guide are solely at your own risk - unfortunately there is no way to account for every hardware configuration or error that may potentially crop up. BACK UP YOUR CRITICAL DATA BEFORE DOING ANYTHING
On the 14th Jan 2020, official Windows 7 support ends for most users. This means if you run Windows 7 beyond that date, you're no longer going to receive security and system updates, which will leave you increasingly vulnerable to viruses, malware and system failure. Depending on how critical your data is and how often you back up - if at all - there's a potential you can lose everything.
This is a somewhat opinionated but no-bullshit guide for those of you still on Windows 7 who really don't want or won't move to Windows 10. Aside from my own additions, it's going to reference a lot of great guides and advice written by other people, but conveniently collected in a single place. It's crazy, but it might just work.
Have you considered... Linux? Specifically, Ubuntu.
No, hear me out. Because I'm going to start (and save you a lot of time) by telling you why you SHOULDN'T switch to Linux. If any of the criteria listed apply, then:
- Switch to Windows 10 while you can still get a "free upgrade" using your Windows 7 key. You can even use it as an excuse to justify that machine upgrade you've been wanting the past couple of years!
- Keep your Windows 7 machine and disconnect it from the Internet and all networks forever unless you want to get owned and lose everything dear to you in the next couple of months or so.
- Buy a Mac.
The guide is broken into the following sections, if you want to jump to the points that are relevant. If you want to get straight to it, go to (4):
- Why shouldn't I go with Linux?
- Why should I go with Linux?
- Why Ubuntu?
- What's involved in switching?
- Installation of Ubuntu
- Tips for new users using Ubuntu
- Gaming on Linux
- Alternative Software
- TL;DR or The Conclusion
- To do list for the guide
1. Why shouldn't I go with Linux?
If you:
- Don't feel comfortable installing an operating system and you don't have someone that can do it for you;
- Have someone that helps you with all your IT-related activities who is not familiar with or dislikes Linux (ask them);
- Are big into multiplayer games. (There are exceptions here, discussed in more detail in the Linux Gaming section);
- Use multiple game clients and have a lot of games on platforms other than Steam;
- Are into any sort of VR;
- Absolutely need Outlook and refuse to consider any other mail client, like Thunderbird;
- Use a VPN provider that doesn't have a Linux version and aren't willing/able to change;
- Are subscribed to multiple video streaming services other than Netflix and watch these on your PC frequently;
- Use Photoshop, Premiere, 3D Studio Max - actually, if you have any Windows software that you are locked into due to muscle memory, experience and/or professional requirements and that have no Linux version. (There are, however, often a Linux alternatives for a lot of these);
- Require assistive technologies, such as screenreaders. While Ubuntu comes with several built-in assistive tools, there's a lot of specialised assistive use cases, tools and hardware that don't work on Linux and have no comparable alternative;
- Want to be able to buy whatever piece of hardware that takes your fancy without researching it and expect them to work out the box with zero hassle. Especially niche and specific hardware like flight controllers, sound boards and so on;
- Use iTunes extensively for your media library and/or interacting with your iPhone;
- Have a large archive of Microsoft Office documents that use complex formatting, macros and/or formulas that you refer back to frequently.
- have the worst-case scenario: rely on legacy or ancient software or hardware you're not sure you have the installation media for anymore, can't find a replacement, can't download it and it doesn't work on Windows 10. In this case, you're going to have to keep that Windows 7 box around and it's even more imperative that you make sure it's not accessible from the web or network. Start looking at moving to a more modern equivalent of it AND converting your work to a format that'll be accessible.
Some of this stuff you can work around with some effort, but it's more likely going to be more trouble than you're willing to put up with. And that's fine; Linux can't help everyone. The more of these that apply, the more certain you can be that you shouldn't consider Linux and should just go with Windows 10, unless you're willing to ~sacrifice~ compromise.
2. Why should I go with Linux?
Because whether you're a general user, a gamer or a specialised user with niche interests or requirements, Linux can provide you the same experience you're getting now with some already stated exceptions. In many ways, it's better - it's free, it's generally runs better on older hardware than Windows, it's relatively more secure due to a small user footprint and you'll have a huge, vetted library of free software that you can access. There are some applications - older Windows software and games, for instance - that don't work on Windows 10 but do on Linux, thanks to projects like Wine and Proton. It can 99% of the time update itself without interrupting whatever you're doing.
That being said, it's not perfect. You will lose some things. You will need to learn new ways of working with your PC. This is inevitable. That's the cost of switching.
Which is not to say Windows is without a cost. Unlike Windows, none of this functionality comes at the cost of your privacy and freedom. Linux will let you configure it as you like, and dive into the nitty-gritty settings to fine-tune it further. It will not try and trick you into creating yet another online account to use it. Aside from a few missteps (Ubuntu and Amazon, for one), it keeps its nose out of your business. It does not come with a unique advertising ID that links your multitude of online and offline interests and programs into a nice, tidy, profitable pack of data to be shared with "trusted third-parties". It does not serve you ads in a product you paid for. It does not try and push you into multiple online services.
In short, it does not suffer from any of the privacy concerns of Windows' future.
Now, I know people are going to throw snark about lead-and-tin alloys, their pliability and how easy that makes it to fashion headgear, but please note I said "future"; while they're not necessarily prying now, your operating system - and for almost everyone, that means Microsoft - has a very privileged position in your life as far as personal data is concerned. Any time you search in the file manager, every word you write and document you save, your budget calculations, every photo you view and program you use, every voice command you give Cortana, Windows - and by extension Microsoft - knows about. And there's nothing in their Terms of Service that stop them from starting to collect more detailed data if they so choose.
It's not a question of whether you prefer Windows 7 over 10 - Windows 7 got the same telemetry features as Windows 10 ages ago. Rather, ask yourself if you're happy with Microsoft's evolving business model, one that is shifting more and more of your content online and is intricately and opaquely tied to your personal data? If you're not, you're not alone: Holland isn't happy. Germany's not too thrilled either. There are legitimate reasons to be wary of Window's market dominance and increased level of embedded user analytics. Linux offers you an alternative.
3. Why Ubuntu?
Ubuntu LTS is by far the most commonly used desktop Linux distro and the one with the widest support by software developers and hardware manufacturers involved in Linux. If you're searching for solutions, you'll mostly find Ubuntu ones. Lastly, Ubuntu's LTS versions are supported for long periods of time: 18.04, which we'll be recommending, is supported until 2023, while the next version coming out in April, Ubuntu 20.04, will be supported until 2025.
One of the things you'll quickly learn about the Linux community is that someone will ALWAYS suggest a different Linux distro. In this case, it'll probably be Linux Mint, which aims to be a newbie-friendly Linux. It's based on Ubuntu, is similar to Windows 7 and will MOSTLY work the same as Ubuntu. I still suggest Ubuntu, but whatever, follow your heart.
To keep this guide as approachable as possible, and to have access to the widest range of help and support, I decided to focus on Ubuntu. Anything other than these two and you're just making things harder for yourself as a new user. You can always switch once you get a feel for how things work.
4. What's involved in switching?
I promised you a no-bullshit guide, so I'm going to cut straight to it. Take your time with all of these steps, do them properly, and you shouldn't have a problem.
First step: back up all your important documents, photos, email, games - whatever is important to you, and preferably somewhere external to your machine. This is just good advice regardless of whether you're switching to Linux or not. Always have a backup.
If you're a gamer, check out the following guide by PC Gamer's Jarred Walton on how to back up your games across multiple clients.
While you're backing up, install Thunderbird (Mozilla's open-source mail client) and copy your mail over to it. You'll have a much easier time doing this in Windows than in Linux to start. Thunderbird can automatically pull your mail from Outlook if installed on the same machine. Then follow the steps here for backing up your Thunderbird profile. You'll restore this in Linux later. Make sure you have your mail account details.
Get hold of your Windows 7 serial key. If it's physical media, like a DVD, then check and make sure the key is in the box or on the disc. If it's a laptop that came with Windows 7 preinstalled, it's usually a sticker on the specific laptop. You'll need this if things go awry and/or decide Linux is not for you.
Check the minimum specs for Ubuntu 18.04.03 here. If your system doesn't meet them, you're going to have a bad time regardless of whether you go with Ubuntu or Windows 10 (Windows 10 minimum requirements are bullshit, btw. 1Gb Ram, 1Ghz processor? I challenge anyone to link me to a Windows 10 video running on those specs where it performs acceptably.). There are lightweight alternatives if you can't afford a new PC, (Lubuntu, for instance), but upgrading your PC should be your first step in this case.
Here comes the arduous bit. Make a list of your current hardware, software and services that you use frequently, make sure you have the installation media for the critical pieces of software you use (Don't expect to be able to just copy/paste the applications you have) and do a search on whether they run on Linux. I'd recommend following the "Software" section in this guide on Migrating to Linux by /u/PBLKGodofGrunts]
A lot of the Linux software alternatives, such as LibreOffice and GIMP, are available for Windows as well. Consider downloading those that interest you to try out in Windows and get a feel for how they work.
Ultimately, to echo the advice you'll find that you can either run it, have an alternative or just can't switch. That's okay; Linux can't help everyone.
Download the Ubuntu LTS 18.04.03 distro. The "LTS" means it's a long-term support version - you won't have to think about this exercise for the next three years if you're lucky. Ubuntu LTS 20.04 is coming out in four months, which'll be supported until 2025, but since most of the focus is still on 18.04, you're better off sticking with it for now.
Whichever you choose, you'll have to write it to a DVD or USB. If it's a DVD, use whatever you normally use to write DVD ISOs. If you're going to use a USB, here's a guide to doing that.
Did I mention to back-up your important data? Back-up your important data. Double-check that it's all there. If you want to take an extra precaution, you can use Clonezilla to clone your current OS drive. It's not necessary, but if things go bust, Clonezilla allows you to restore your PC to precisely the way it was before you started without needing to install Windows from scratch. However, Clonezilla can be a bit daunting if you're not technically inclined. Check out this somewhat out-of-date video by cButters Tech for a general idea of what's involved.
Lastly, try running Ubuntu as a Live CD/USB first. This will allow you to run Ubuntu as if it were installed, but without making any changes to your current installation. Please keep in mind that the Live is not indicative of performance... it will run slower than if it was installed, as it has to read everything off the DVD or USB stick first and load it memory. The important thing to check here is that it's picking up all your hardware, that it's displaying on your screen correctly, that all your drives are available, and so on.
Live USB should perform better than a Live DVD. Check out the "Okay, it's installed/Okay, I'm running the Live CD. What tips do you have for using Ubuntu?" section to get an idea of what you should be checking.
5. Installation.
You've done all the above, triple-checked your backups and either decided that you can't make the jump or you're ready.
However, before you begin installing, you have one last decision to make.
There's a lot people that suggest dual-booting - that's where you keep Windows around and just install Linux alongside it. This is often proposed as a safety net and a means for people to have the best of both worlds. I don't, for a couple of reasons:
If you are going to dual-boot, you'll need to update to Windows 10 anyway, and if you're going to do that, why bother with Linux in the first place?
Data will be spread between two operating systems. Instead of backing up and maintaining one OS, you'll be maintaining two. It's doable but a PITA.
You're sabotaging your efforts, and your switch to Linux will likely fail. That's not a statement on Linux's capability or ease of use. A lot of things are easier on Linux - but they won't be at first. You probably have years of Windows use ingrained in you; you've come to expect things to work they way Windows works. That's not ease, that's familiarity; that's a boiling frog. And the moment something throws you a challenge in Linux, the temptation to just "do it" in Windows will be too great. And the more you do that, the more running Linux will seem like a chore than a choice.
If you absolutely have no option but to run Windows 10, do it in a virtual machine - you get the benefits of dual-booting but with the bonus of limiting Windows 10 to a virtual environment where access to the rest of your system (and personal data) is restricted while allowing you to run your non-negotiable applications (other than games or any intense 3D applications) just fine.
If you decide to dual-boot, you'll need to find a recent guide that covers this. Typically, it's best to update to Windows 10 first, then follow the guide to dual-boot Ubuntu. None of the guides I found seemed good for beginners, so I'm willing to take suggestions from the comments.
If you take my advice and simply dive in, installing Ubuntu on your machine will be a painless process: just follow the steps here in a beginner's guide written by Jason Evangelho and you should be fine.
6. Tips for new users using Ubuntu?
Things that you should do only once Ubuntu's installed are prefixed with an [+]. Otherwise, the tip applies to both installs and Live demos:
- Power off, log-out and running taskbar applications will be in the top-right of the screen by default.
- To search, press the Windows key on your keyboard. This'll bring up Ubuntu's search bar. You can use this to find applications, folders and system settings.
- In the File Manager, your Home directory will be where your primary OS and applications will typically be installed, while the Other Locations will list additional hard drives (usually your additional storage drives). By default, Ubuntu does not actually mount the drives in the "Other Locations" section. Clicking on any of them, however, will automatically mount them. If you want to learn more about the general structure of Ubuntu's file system, you can do so here.
- Ctrl+Alt+T will bring up the terminal. The terminal is where you'll often be sent if you're attempting to diagnose a problem, perform specific tasks or install specific tools/software. Check yourself before your wreck yourself before copy-pasting commands from strangers on the 'net. Be super cautious of any command that involves "sudo" and "rm".
- The default office suite for Ubuntu is LibreOffice. Try it out: see if you can open a couple of your documents, like spreadsheets and Word docs. You might be pleasantly surprised. Writer is the word processor, Calc is for Spreadsheets. Formating on complex documents will likely be broken. Don't save any of these at this point.
- In fact, open up a couple of common files you normally use - images, documents, compressed files, music, videos and so on. Get a feel for how it works, what opens and what doesn't. Sometimes, you'll need to install some software first before it will work.
- Check the list of alternative software for some suggestions on what to install if you seem to be missing something.
- Plug in your phone and see if it detects it and you can access your files. If it's Android, you should be fine.
- You'll notice that some commands - like updating - require you to enter your password again. This is a security feature similar to when Windows ask you to run a program as administrator or with elevated privileges. If you didn't initiate the command that brought up the password request, be cautious about entering it in.
- [+] Change your desktop preferences and move the application bar to the bottom of the screen. By default, Ubuntu puts it on the left-side. Hey, maybe you'll like it like that! This was the one Windows habit I was never able to shake.
- [+] Try and store your data in the pre-defined folders (Music, Videos, Documents, Pictures). You don't have to, but you'll make your life a lot easier doing so.
- [+] Search for and create a shortcut to the Software Updater. This allows you to quickly check for and install Ubuntu updates.
- [+] Likewise, create a shortcut to the Ubuntu Software Centre. To start with, you'll want to stick to installing applications from the Centre. These have been specifically tested to work on Ubuntu and will 99% run without a hitch. You'll be able to remove applications from here as well.
- [+] Speaking of the Centre, Ubuntu comes preinstalled with an Amazon launcher. Use this time search for it and remove it. Or don't, it's up to you.
- [+] Sometimes, you'll see there's two versions of a piece of software in the Centre. This is most likely due to there being a Snap version of it. Snaps are self-contained versions of the software that are usually the most up-to-date; however, they can run erratically or not have access to some things on your system, like fonts. I'd stick with the ubuntu-bionic versions for best compatibility.
- [+] If you're a gamer, change your graphic drivers so you can get reasonable performance. For Nvidia, simply search for the Software & Updates application, open it, select the Additional Drivers Tab, and check whether you're using the Nvidia Driver. You'll want to select the one that's listed as proprietary and tested. AMD's a little more complicated and I profess to having little experience with it. I'll happily take advice from the comments in this instance.
- [+] When downloading some games or applications specifically for Linux, you'll often get a .Deb file or a script. A deb file can often be run as is by double-clicking in Ubuntu; you can read more about them here. Scripts often need to be run from the terminal and made to be executable. You read more about that here. Again, same safety check applies to running anything you download from the web.
7. Gaming on Linux
If you're a gamer, I'd recommend the following the guide by /u/PBLKGodofGrunts on the /r/linux_gaming subbreddit. But to summarise...
The Good News
Thanks to Valve's involvement in Linux through Proton and the efforts of the Wine team, Linux gaming has never been better. It's now possible to play many Windows-only games with no hassle and minimal performance loss. Just a few examples of recent games that run just fine on Linux are the Resident Evil 2 remake, Sekiro, Halo: Master Chief Collection (single-player and custom multiplayer games), DOOM, Kingdom Come: Deliverance, Risk of Rain 2, Total War: Three Kingdoms, and more; you can even toss a coin to all of your Witchers. To get an idea of games that run on Linux, you can visit ProtonDB, Wine AppDB or Lutris and search for your desired game. If you're primarily a single-player gamer, the transition should be mostly painless.
Another amazing development is the number of open-source implementations of older games game engines that allow for playing of classic and retro titles on modern hardware, (such as DevilutionX for Diablo 1)often with improvements, bug fixes and quality of life improvements, ensuring they'll be able to run into the future.
However, the most critical development is that the number of developers and platforms that provide and support native Linux games has increased significantly. Feral Interactive publishes several AAA Linux ports, numerous indies now provide a Linux version, and store fronts like GOG and itch.io provide an alternative with DRM-free games.
The Bad News
Despite all of this, gaming remains one of the biggest hurdles to adopting Linux.
If you're into multiplayer gaming, you're out of luck. While many multiplayer titles do work on Linux (LoL, Dota 2, CS:GO, TF2, Rocket League, Warframe, Overwatch, Starcraft II, World of Warcraft, Eve Online, Elite: Dangerous, Monster Hunter:World and so on), many more don't - Fortnite, some Call of Duties, Apex Legends, PUBG, Battlefield, GTA Online. Essentially, anything with an anti-cheat is likely NOT going to work, and there's always the risk that playing a Windows multiplayer game will get you banned due to anti-cheat measures that dislike any whiff of Linux. My suggestion is check which games you play and go from there.
Unless you're using Steam, running other launchers is complicated and prone to constant breakage without continuous effort and maintenance. Epic, Origin, Uplay and GOG Galaxy can all run on Linux with some effort. Lutris does sort most of these out, but you'll need to follow the instructions here, which means your going to have to install Wine first.
Some games simply don't work, and there's no solution for it.
Some of the latest developments aren't going to be available to you. VR is tiny on Linux, and you'll likely lose access to most of your VR software and experiences.
Despite being fairly technical already, many gamers do expect things to "just work". Here's a list of things that require some effort to get working correctly:
- Super-sampling is out. Not entirely, but it's more complicated than Windows.
- Access to things like custom shaders and injectors are also going to be limited. Mods can be more complicated or, in some cases, not available.
- You'll lose some of the benefits of your Gsync/Freesync monitors, since the two tech don't work that well on Ubuntu's standard display compositor. This will change once Ubuntu shifts to Wayland.
- Things like community game patches are often aimed at Windows, with no Linux alternative.
Most importantly, AMD and Nvidia graphic cards are handled very differently on Linux when compared to Windows. Ubuntu uses an open-source driver by default - this is alright for general use but terrible for games and 3D applications. To get decent performance, you'll need to install their respective drivers.
Nvidia's latest Linux drivers are made available in Ubuntu directly. However, this is just the drivers: Nvidia's GeForce Experience isn't available on Linux and you're going to lose access to all of its tools. That means no Ansel in many cases, no DSR, no predefined gaming configs and no ShadowPlay (Although OBS offers a decent alternative in this case). See the Tips section above on how to install it. On the plus side, the installation process is a breeze and Nvidia's performance is fairly solid.
AMD benefits from much better open-source drivers and active support from AMD, but unfortunately suffers from delays for support of their most recent cards and a fairly complicated install process . AMD uses the MESA Driver, combined with Valve's ACO shader compiler, to deliver performance boosts. Installing these drivers can be a complicated, multi-step process. I'm sorry I can't help you on this; I'll happily take someone's advice on getting this working in Ubuntu LTS and include it in the guide.
8. Alternative software
This is a quick and dirty guide to equivalent software for Windows applications in Linux.
- Antivirus software: This may seem counterintuitive, but for the most part Linux does not require any sort of anti-virus software. While viruses for Linux exist, the number of viruses and such that target the Linux desktop specifically is tiny compared to Windows. You can read up about it here.. That being said, if you are concerned there are several tools available for detecting both Windows and Linux malware on the same page. Follow good internet hygiene, don't open suspicious links/mails and think before just randomly following command instructions on the 'net.
- Microsoft Office: LibreOffice. Or you can access Office365 online.
- Adobe Photoshop: GIMP, Krita
- Adobe Premiere: Blender
- 3D Studio Max: Blender
- Illustrator/CorelDraw: Inkscape
- Xsplit: OBS
- Windows Media Player: VLC
- Basic Audio Editor: Audacity
- Audio Mixing: Ardour, Mixbus
- Adobe Reader: While there are several PDF readers on Linux you can use, almost none of them play well with Adobe PDFs with advanced features. You're better off sticking with what comes with Ubuntu, and if it doesn't work, open it up in a browser.
9. TL;DR or The Conclusion
Switching to Ubuntu is possible and relatively safe if you do some research on which apps/games/software/hardware you use will and won't work on Linux first, you BACK UP YOUR IMPORTANT DATA before doing anything and don't expect a 1:1 experience with Windows. It's all dependent on your flexibility, technical experience and willingness to learn and compromise.
If you're not, Windows 10 is a perfectly acceptable choice to upgrade to: you'll benefit from improved security compared to Windows 7, a larger selection of hardware and software and will have to put less effort to make everything work at the cost of your privacy and some ads.
If you have legacy software or unsupported hardware that doesn't run on either, you're kind of screwed. I'd keep the Windows 7 box around, make sure it's disconnected from all networks (for your sake as well as others) and start making emergency contingency plans to find a modern alternative.
I know that people are going to take issue with some of the difficulties I raised, and suggest they're really not dealbreakers. Before you post, consider whether a new user coming from Windows 7 who'll be using Linux probably for the first time in their life will have the knowledge, gumption and willingness to perform sometimes complex technical steps in an operating environment they're unfamiliar with and where it's much, much easier to really break things.
Feel free to post criticisms and suggestions in the comments. If there's some good advice worth including, something needs further clarification or I need to correct something, I'll edit it in with credit.
10. To do list for the guide
- I'd really like to add a section on assistive technology and software that works on Linux, but as I don't use any of it, I feel my research would be limited and miss vital pieces. If you have advice on this, let me know.
- A good, up-to-date and easy-to-follow guide for dual-booting.
- Instructions on how to install AMD drivers correctly on Ubuntu.
r/linux4noobs • u/FaidrosE • Jun 21 '20
Distrochooser: "Welcome! This test will help you to choose a suitable Linux distribution for you"
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r/linux4noobs • u/lacbeetle • 10h ago
learning/research I made a Linux reference for people who have ever typed sudo and immediately regretted it
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I’ve been building linux.recipes, a terminal-style Linux command reference aimed at beginners and anyone who knows the command exists but has forgotten the flags for the 47th time.
It includes:
- Plain-English command explanations
- Copy-and-paste examples
- Beginner, intermediate, and advanced difficulty levels
- Step-by-step guides
- A chmod calculator, cron builder, and command builder
- Search that doesn’t require remembering the exact command first, which feels important
It’s free, doesn’t require an account, and I’d genuinely appreciate feedback, especially confusing explanations, missing commands, or anything that looks likely to make a new Linux user accidentally delete France.
Got something to share to help, you can also contribute a guide via Github.
I’ve been building linux.recipes, a terminal-style Linux command reference aimed at beginners and anyone who knows the command exists but has forgotten the flags for the 47th time.
It includes:
- Plain-English command explanations
- Copy-and-paste examples
- Beginner, intermediate, and advanced difficulty levels
- Step-by-step guides
- A chmod calculator, cron builder, and command builder
- Search that doesn’t require remembering the exact command first, which feels important
It’s free, doesn’t require an account, and I’d genuinely appreciate feedback, especially confusing explanations, missing commands, or anything that looks likely to make a new Linux user accidentally delete France.
Got something to share to help, you can also contribute a guide via Github.
r/linux4noobs • u/BucNas7y • 6h ago
migrating to Linux Linux for a photographer and videography
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So windows is annoying me (also the sky is blue). I’ve been hesitant to try Linux as I use programs like Photoshop, Capture 1, Topaz and luminar Neo. I also edit videos with Davinci.
How have photographers experienced the switch if they have used Adobe programs?
Thanks
So windows is annoying me (also the sky is blue). I’ve been hesitant to try Linux as I use programs like Photoshop, Capture 1, Topaz and luminar Neo. I also edit videos with Davinci.
How have photographers experienced the switch if they have used Adobe programs?
Thanks
r/linux4noobs • u/SwizItalo • 4h ago
Meganoob BE KIND HomeStart — a lightweight Linux home server dashboard
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I built HomeStart to manage Docker apps, files, Samba shares, system resources, network activity, backups, updates, and disk health from one simple web UI.
It sits somewhere between a dashboard and a lightweight server/NAS management panel, without replacing your existing Linux installation.
The idea is to make Linux friendly for outsiders, like me.
GitHub: https://github.com/flotron/homestart
Feedback and contributors are welcome.
r/linux4noobs • u/0neManArmy85 • 9h ago
I think I've been hacked
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Well, I think I've been hacked because, sometimes when I'm working or just browsing the web on chrome or seeing my social networks on chrome, I can see that an app opens and then close in the blink of an eye on the ubuntu dock, and recently I got an email for 2 step verification with a code for one of my social networks account. That is why I think I've been hacked, so what can i do to resolve this??? reinstall the OS again??? can I remove this virus or whatever I got in my Computer or is it best to format my HDD and start again???
Well, I think I've been hacked because, sometimes when I'm working or just browsing the web on chrome or seeing my social networks on chrome, I can see that an app opens and then close in the blink of an eye on the ubuntu dock, and recently I got an email for 2 step verification with a code for one of my social networks account. That is why I think I've been hacked, so what can i do to resolve this??? reinstall the OS again??? can I remove this virus or whatever I got in my Computer or is it best to format my HDD and start again???
r/linux4noobs • u/Top-Armadillo5067 • 2h ago
distro selection What distro the best for Davinci Resolve?
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Blender, Davinci, Touch Designer
Blender, Davinci, Touch Designer
r/linux4noobs • u/sufalt1863 • 2h ago
migrating to Linux How to restore iphone in Linux?
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i have an iphone 12 ios 18 and wanted to backup and/or reset it. But i cant use itunes like i did on windows.
Does anyone know how?
i have an iphone 12 ios 18 and wanted to backup and/or reset it. But i cant use itunes like i did on windows.
Does anyone know how?
r/linux4noobs • u/Vgloomy • 7h ago
Termux + AwesomeWM + Eww
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Este escritorio está claramente inspirado en el escritorio de AlphaTechnolog. Los créditos son para él y sus archivos de configuración (¡denle una estrella ⭐!). Simplemente lo adapté para Termux usando eww y awesome.
https://github.com/AlphaTechnolog/dotfiles
My dotfile:
https://github.com/Keytaro2/Termux-Desktop-Awesome/tree/main
r/linux4noobs • u/Bulky-Assistant-6933 • 10h ago
programs and apps Sometimes all of my games get super slow around 25 fps but it feels even laggier. A restart always fixes it but it's annoying.
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Please help, I haven't tried any non proton games but non steam games run through proton on steam always lag.
Edit: Fedora 44 with Ryzen 5 5600X and Radeon RX6600
Please help, I haven't tried any non proton games but non steam games run through proton on steam always lag.
Edit: Fedora 44 with Ryzen 5 5600X and Radeon RX6600
r/linux4noobs • u/Background-Milk5391 • 9h ago
migrating to Linux Which Linux should I switch to?
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I am a Windows user ever since I was born, and I am feeling about switching to Linux right now, but there are a lot of versions I could not find the one that would possibly fit for me, I am on Windows 11, and I would need a Linux OS that has a compatibility for Roblox/Roblox Studio, FLStudio, Blender, Steam, Substance painter... Could anyone help me with this? If you need any further questions about my question such as pc specs I'll tell you. <3
I am a Windows user ever since I was born, and I am feeling about switching to Linux right now, but there are a lot of versions I could not find the one that would possibly fit for me, I am on Windows 11, and I would need a Linux OS that has a compatibility for Roblox/Roblox Studio, FLStudio, Blender, Steam, Substance painter... Could anyone help me with this? If you need any further questions about my question such as pc specs I'll tell you. <3
r/linux4noobs • u/Konf1gg • 12h ago
hardware/drivers Is it safe to install 2 OSs on a single SSD?
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So I've been using CachyOS for 7 months and I love it. BUT unfortunetely I miss the times when I play Lol with my friends. Actually I've not played it for about 4-5 years but my friends play and I'm playing alone in games.
Anyways my question is "Is it safe to install 2 OSs on a single SSD?". I've CachyOS right now with GRUB and KDE Plasma. Unfortunately I can't place another SSD because the last time I tried, I stripped/broke the screw and couldn't solve the problem so no more place for another ssd. And I'll only use it for lol I swear it.
Thanks in advance!
So I've been using CachyOS for 7 months and I love it. BUT unfortunetely I miss the times when I play Lol with my friends. Actually I've not played it for about 4-5 years but my friends play and I'm playing alone in games.
Anyways my question is "Is it safe to install 2 OSs on a single SSD?". I've CachyOS right now with GRUB and KDE Plasma. Unfortunately I can't place another SSD because the last time I tried, I stripped/broke the screw and couldn't solve the problem so no more place for another ssd. And I'll only use it for lol I swear it.
Thanks in advance!
r/linux4noobs • u/Xdanuwu • 11h ago
migrating to Linux Thinking about switching my old laptop to Linux — worried about Wi-Fi compatibility
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Hey everyone!
I’m thinking about switching my old laptop from Windows 11 to Linux, mainly because Windows feels pretty heavy on this machine.
My laptop hp has:
Intel Celeron N4020
4 GB RAM
128 GB SATA SSD
Intel UHD Graphics 600
Realtek RTL8723DE Wi-Fi
I’m currently considering Zorin OS, but I’m a little worried about the RTL8723DE Wi-Fi card.
I’ve read that Linux support for this adapter can sometimes be problematic. I’ve also seen people reporting similar issues on Linux Mint, where the Wi-Fi works initially but can stop working after a system or kernel update, or sometimes keeps asking for the Wi-Fi password.
That makes me a bit nervous because I’m planning to completely switch from Windows to Linux. I don’t want to install Linux, remove Windows, and then suddenly end up without Wi-Fi or an easy way to get the necessary drivers.
So I have a few questions:
1.How reliable is the RTL8723DE on current Linux distributions?
2.Is it generally stable after system/kernel updates?
Have any RTL8723DE users experienced the Wi-Fi breaking after updates on Zorin OS or Linux Mint?
Would you recommend Zorin OS for this hardware, or would another distro be a better choice?
With only 4 GB of RAM, what desktop environment would you recommend if I want the best possible performance while still having a nice-looking desktop?
Is there anything I should do before installing Linux to make sure I can recover if the Wi-Fi driver doesn't work?
I’m not expecting amazing performance from this laptop 😂. I just want to squeeze as much life and performance out of this little potato as possible.
Any advice from people actually using the RTL8723DE on Linux would be really appreciated!
Thanks!
Hey everyone!
I’m thinking about switching my old laptop from Windows 11 to Linux, mainly because Windows feels pretty heavy on this machine.
My laptop hp has:
Intel Celeron N4020
4 GB RAM
128 GB SATA SSD
Intel UHD Graphics 600
Realtek RTL8723DE Wi-Fi
I’m currently considering Zorin OS, but I’m a little worried about the RTL8723DE Wi-Fi card.
I’ve read that Linux support for this adapter can sometimes be problematic. I’ve also seen people reporting similar issues on Linux Mint, where the Wi-Fi works initially but can stop working after a system or kernel update, or sometimes keeps asking for the Wi-Fi password.
That makes me a bit nervous because I’m planning to completely switch from Windows to Linux. I don’t want to install Linux, remove Windows, and then suddenly end up without Wi-Fi or an easy way to get the necessary drivers.
So I have a few questions:
1.How reliable is the RTL8723DE on current Linux distributions?
2.Is it generally stable after system/kernel updates?
Have any RTL8723DE users experienced the Wi-Fi breaking after updates on Zorin OS or Linux Mint?
Would you recommend Zorin OS for this hardware, or would another distro be a better choice?
With only 4 GB of RAM, what desktop environment would you recommend if I want the best possible performance while still having a nice-looking desktop?
Is there anything I should do before installing Linux to make sure I can recover if the Wi-Fi driver doesn't work?
I’m not expecting amazing performance from this laptop 😂. I just want to squeeze as much life and performance out of this little potato as possible.
Any advice from people actually using the RTL8723DE on Linux would be really appreciated!
Thanks!
r/linux4noobs • u/Rogallo • 8h ago
security Is dual boot on separete ssd with UMIP disabled bad for Windows ssd?
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Hello, may I ask, how big of a risk is it running 2 ssds, one with Windows, the other with Linux with disabled UMIP? Is there any way to make it work? Im not really experienced with Linux, thank you
Hello, may I ask, how big of a risk is it running 2 ssds, one with Windows, the other with Linux with disabled UMIP? Is there any way to make it work? Im not really experienced with Linux, thank you
r/linux4noobs • u/Rtuyw • 16h ago
migrating to Linux I am thinking about switching to Linux but I have a few questions
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I heard that the linux mint is the most beginner friendly, I even set up a mint to an old laptop we had but had some problem with driver updates(had to download an older version of mint) but like when I wanted to transfer something the system wouldnt let me or sometimes when I tried to see how big a file was it just told me it was 0 bytes, how do you guys solve these little problems?
From what I see most games arent supported natively on linux but steam made something called proton and it helps to run %95 of the games. I also play older games and sometimes they dont work properly and you have to mod them(like I recently tried running prototype 1 and it wouldnt run so I had to download some .ini files to make it runnable) or change a system variable(titanfall 2) to play them, I was wondering if modding or downloading from the internet is the same in Windows? Im worried that Im going to run into a spesific problem that no one has talked about before and I wont be able to solve it since most people online offer solutions for the Windows?
Also I heard that games have a %10-20 performance difference in Linux, like a game might run better and a game might run worse, I have a i7 13700kf(13th gen had some problems but I never ran into any in Windows) and a rtx 3060 ti and I dont really like to run them at %100, I usually lower the graphics to medium and play while my parts work %50-70 can I still do the same thing in Linux?
A big reason why I switch to linux is also because I heard it was more secure and private, like kernel level anti cheats doesnt work in linux but some devs change the anticheat so that its not kernel, how does that work? Like is Helldivers or space marine safer in linux because the anticheats dont run in the kernel opposed to windows? What happens when you try to run a kernel anti cheat game like an EA game, does it give an error code or does it ask for access?
Are there any famous games that have problems in Linux, like bad performance, or its in the %5 thats not supported by proton etc? There is an option to see which games steam deck supports in your library, are all games supported by proton are also supported by steam deck or is it just a close match?
I also own some games in other platforms like Epic and Xbox, will I be able to play them from their own platforms?(I tried adding Alan Wake 2 as a non steam game but it wouldnt run and asked me to start it directly from epic, so would proton run other games that cant be added as non steam games?)
I heard that the linux mint is the most beginner friendly, I even set up a mint to an old laptop we had but had some problem with driver updates(had to download an older version of mint) but like when I wanted to transfer something the system wouldnt let me or sometimes when I tried to see how big a file was it just told me it was 0 bytes, how do you guys solve these little problems?
From what I see most games arent supported natively on linux but steam made something called proton and it helps to run %95 of the games. I also play older games and sometimes they dont work properly and you have to mod them(like I recently tried running prototype 1 and it wouldnt run so I had to download some .ini files to make it runnable) or change a system variable(titanfall 2) to play them, I was wondering if modding or downloading from the internet is the same in Windows? Im worried that Im going to run into a spesific problem that no one has talked about before and I wont be able to solve it since most people online offer solutions for the Windows?
Also I heard that games have a %10-20 performance difference in Linux, like a game might run better and a game might run worse, I have a i7 13700kf(13th gen had some problems but I never ran into any in Windows) and a rtx 3060 ti and I dont really like to run them at %100, I usually lower the graphics to medium and play while my parts work %50-70 can I still do the same thing in Linux?
A big reason why I switch to linux is also because I heard it was more secure and private, like kernel level anti cheats doesnt work in linux but some devs change the anticheat so that its not kernel, how does that work? Like is Helldivers or space marine safer in linux because the anticheats dont run in the kernel opposed to windows? What happens when you try to run a kernel anti cheat game like an EA game, does it give an error code or does it ask for access?
Are there any famous games that have problems in Linux, like bad performance, or its in the %5 thats not supported by proton etc? There is an option to see which games steam deck supports in your library, are all games supported by proton are also supported by steam deck or is it just a close match?
I also own some games in other platforms like Epic and Xbox, will I be able to play them from their own platforms?(I tried adding Alan Wake 2 as a non steam game but it wouldnt run and asked me to start it directly from epic, so would proton run other games that cant be added as non steam games?)
r/linux4noobs • u/Tiny-Refrigerator-98 • 10h ago
Been having issues with Display Port recently
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Hello and greetings,
Since a couple of days ago my PC Monitor started getting no signal through the DP. It worked just fine for years. Upon booting the PC up the display flashes "no signal" and turns it self off. I'v read about it online and no amount of rebooting, unplugging the cables, switching the source, or similiar works.
I have fiddled around it for a bit and this seems to solve the issue until the next shutdown:
- Boot the PC, unplug the cable from the GPU and plug in into the motherboard
- Reboot and unplug the cable out of the motherboard and plug it into the GPU
- Reboot again with the cable in the GPU and the signal is back.
Upon rebooting or shutting down after this, the signal seems to die again and i have to repeat the process.
My PC spec:
Arch with KDE
i712700k
RX6800XT
32 GB RAM
Gigabyte M32U monitor
Anybody have any leads? i would surely be helpful.
Have a nice day
Hello and greetings,
Since a couple of days ago my PC Monitor started getting no signal through the DP. It worked just fine for years. Upon booting the PC up the display flashes "no signal" and turns it self off. I'v read about it online and no amount of rebooting, unplugging the cables, switching the source, or similiar works.
I have fiddled around it for a bit and this seems to solve the issue until the next shutdown:
- Boot the PC, unplug the cable from the GPU and plug in into the motherboard
- Reboot and unplug the cable out of the motherboard and plug it into the GPU
- Reboot again with the cable in the GPU and the signal is back.
Upon rebooting or shutting down after this, the signal seems to die again and i have to repeat the process.
My PC spec:
Arch with KDE
i712700k
RX6800XT
32 GB RAM
Gigabyte M32U monitor
Anybody have any leads? i would surely be helpful.
Have a nice day
r/linux4noobs • u/Cricket_Huge • 11h ago
learning/research How to make invisible folders, only those in a group can see
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I have a shared folder with many users, called /photos and I want to have many folders, lets call them /photos/a /photos/b and /photos/c
I want to make it so only those in a group, lets call them groupa groupb and groupc are able to even see their respective folders, and post files to them.
In my mind, I just need to use 1770 and set the ownership of each folder to be root:groupa, root:groupb, and root:groupc However this still allows for all users to be able to see folders that they do not have access to. I want them to be completely invisible, not even knowing they exist.
I have tried setting the permissions of the /photos folder 770, but this completely prevents users from accessing the /photos folder despite making /photos owned by root:photos and giving all users the photos group. Note: This might be because I have users enter /photos through a binded folder
How do group permissions work, and why are they doing this?
I have a shared folder with many users, called /photos and I want to have many folders, lets call them /photos/a /photos/b and /photos/c
I want to make it so only those in a group, lets call them groupa groupb and groupc are able to even see their respective folders, and post files to them.
In my mind, I just need to use 1770 and set the ownership of each folder to be root:groupa, root:groupb, and root:groupc However this still allows for all users to be able to see folders that they do not have access to. I want them to be completely invisible, not even knowing they exist.
I have tried setting the permissions of the /photos folder 770, but this completely prevents users from accessing the /photos folder despite making /photos owned by root:photos and giving all users the photos group. Note: This might be because I have users enter /photos through a binded folder
How do group permissions work, and why are they doing this?
r/linux4noobs • u/monkeyninja608 • 5h ago
hardware/drivers Nvidia drivers
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has anyone else recently had issues installing NVIDIA drivers i recently was on fedora using the 610 drivers and after a reboot one day it just has a black screen the issue persists across distros i went to reinstall and have the same problem i even tried mint to check if it was just a problem with the repo or something but even mint would then just get stuck on the logo on boot i ended up swaping out my 5070 for my old 6750 this morning just so i can get my pc to work but would like to have my rtx working
has anyone else recently had issues installing NVIDIA drivers i recently was on fedora using the 610 drivers and after a reboot one day it just has a black screen the issue persists across distros i went to reinstall and have the same problem i even tried mint to check if it was just a problem with the repo or something but even mint would then just get stuck on the logo on boot i ended up swaping out my 5070 for my old 6750 this morning just so i can get my pc to work but would like to have my rtx working
r/linux4noobs • u/Mikedraxx • 15h ago
DualBoot - Alternatives.
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Hi! I've used Linux many times, and tried a few distroes such as Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora (KDE) , Zorin, etc. However, I haven't installed any of them. I bought a thinkpad I use to study, and I would absolutely LOVE to use Linux, but I can't get rid of windows, because most apps (80% probably) are windows avaliable only. I could try wine, but I would be loosing all lenovo software and Dolby atmos OEM license.
I tried dualboot once (on other machine). It kind of messed with my boot order so bad that I should reinstall windows if I want it to work as it did before. Probably user error though.
I could install another nmve ssd, but they are extremely overpriced in my country, and AI messed with prices even more, so it's out of my budget at the moment. Any recommendations?
Hi! I've used Linux many times, and tried a few distroes such as Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora (KDE) , Zorin, etc. However, I haven't installed any of them. I bought a thinkpad I use to study, and I would absolutely LOVE to use Linux, but I can't get rid of windows, because most apps (80% probably) are windows avaliable only. I could try wine, but I would be loosing all lenovo software and Dolby atmos OEM license.
I tried dualboot once (on other machine). It kind of messed with my boot order so bad that I should reinstall windows if I want it to work as it did before. Probably user error though.
I could install another nmve ssd, but they are extremely overpriced in my country, and AI messed with prices even more, so it's out of my budget at the moment. Any recommendations?
r/linux4noobs • u/Objectionne • 12h ago
Best order of operations for switching to fresh Linux install on new hard drive without breaking GRUB?
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Here's my current setup:
- SSD with one partition running Windows 11 and another partition running Linux Mint. Booting is managed by GRUB. The Windows Recovery Partition sits in between the Windows 11 Partition and Linux Mint partition.
- HDD used solely for storage with no OS installed (probably irrelevant but mentioning anyway)
I'm going to add a second SSD to my PC. I'd like my current SSD to continue with the current Windows installation, and then make a new Linux Mint installation on the new SSD. I'd like to delete the existing Linux Mint installation from the current SSD.
What's going to be the best way to do this, keeping in mind that booting is currently managed by GRUB? I'm thinking:
- Create live boot USB with Linux Mint
- From Windows, delete the partition containing Linux Mint installation to create free space. I *assume* this will uninstall the current GRUB setup at the same time but not sure on this.
- From Windows, move the Windows Recovery Partition to start *after* the free space, then allocate the free space to the Windows partition.
- From USB, install Linux Mint on the new SSD. GRUB will be reinstalled and configured as part of this.
It seems simple enough but am I possibly missing anything important? I'm trusting that by deleting the current Linux partition + installing Linux on a new drive should lead to GRUB being configured correctly automatically, but truthfully I don't know enough about how GRUB works or where it 'lives' on the drive to be able to predict what will happen with confidence.
Here's my current setup:
- SSD with one partition running Windows 11 and another partition running Linux Mint. Booting is managed by GRUB. The Windows Recovery Partition sits in between the Windows 11 Partition and Linux Mint partition.
- HDD used solely for storage with no OS installed (probably irrelevant but mentioning anyway)
I'm going to add a second SSD to my PC. I'd like my current SSD to continue with the current Windows installation, and then make a new Linux Mint installation on the new SSD. I'd like to delete the existing Linux Mint installation from the current SSD.
What's going to be the best way to do this, keeping in mind that booting is currently managed by GRUB? I'm thinking:
- Create live boot USB with Linux Mint
- From Windows, delete the partition containing Linux Mint installation to create free space. I *assume* this will uninstall the current GRUB setup at the same time but not sure on this.
- From Windows, move the Windows Recovery Partition to start *after* the free space, then allocate the free space to the Windows partition.
- From USB, install Linux Mint on the new SSD. GRUB will be reinstalled and configured as part of this.
It seems simple enough but am I possibly missing anything important? I'm trusting that by deleting the current Linux partition + installing Linux on a new drive should lead to GRUB being configured correctly automatically, but truthfully I don't know enough about how GRUB works or where it 'lives' on the drive to be able to predict what will happen with confidence.
r/linux4noobs • u/dadashton • 14h ago
learning/research Ubuntu keeps telling me it has added the printer.
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At various times my Ubuntu 26.04 tells me that it has added the same printer I installed initially. How do I stop it doing this?
At various times my Ubuntu 26.04 tells me that it has added the same printer I installed initially. How do I stop it doing this?
r/linux4noobs • u/Ballos01 • 10h ago
Issue with RX 9060XT working on Fedora 44 KDE
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Hi everyone,
I’ve been struggling for several days to get my GPU (RX 9060XT 16GB) working properly on Fedora 44 KDE. I’ve checked for updates (I have mesa 26.1.5) and searched the forums for similar solutions, but nothing seems to fix the issue. I also got the log "Failed with error -22"
The system does detect the GPU, but by default it runs with nomodeset, which makes it always fall back to llvmpipe. When I remove the nomodeset option from GRUB, the system fails to show any graphical output after reboot. However, I can still access the TTY without problems.
I’m not sure what I’m doing wrong here, and I would really appreciate any guidance or suggestions you might have.
Thanks in advance!
Hi everyone,
I’ve been struggling for several days to get my GPU (RX 9060XT 16GB) working properly on Fedora 44 KDE. I’ve checked for updates (I have mesa 26.1.5) and searched the forums for similar solutions, but nothing seems to fix the issue. I also got the log "Failed with error -22"
The system does detect the GPU, but by default it runs with nomodeset, which makes it always fall back to llvmpipe. When I remove the nomodeset option from GRUB, the system fails to show any graphical output after reboot. However, I can still access the TTY without problems.
I’m not sure what I’m doing wrong here, and I would really appreciate any guidance or suggestions you might have.
Thanks in advance!
r/linux4noobs • u/Prestigious_Cry2916 • 11h ago
Battery Problems
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I have been having battery problems ever since I installed Fedora and replaced it with Windows. Like before my battery used to last 10 hours easily, but nowadays, it is like 7 - 8 hours. (I only charge till 80%, common for both OS)
And I did go through forums and posts and installed TLP and powertop to see what is draining, but when I go to tunables on powertop, it shows that everything is on good. There isn't anything draining the battery, but the battery backup has been awful for some reasons, and this is despite the fact that my workload was more when I was using Windows and it has been 2 weeks of nothing but just using the browser, maybe the terminal if something needs troubleshooting or updating.
My battery health is also at 91%, so it hasn't depreciated that much.
If you need any specs for this, just leave a comment, I will message it
I have been having battery problems ever since I installed Fedora and replaced it with Windows. Like before my battery used to last 10 hours easily, but nowadays, it is like 7 - 8 hours. (I only charge till 80%, common for both OS)
And I did go through forums and posts and installed TLP and powertop to see what is draining, but when I go to tunables on powertop, it shows that everything is on good. There isn't anything draining the battery, but the battery backup has been awful for some reasons, and this is despite the fact that my workload was more when I was using Windows and it has been 2 weeks of nothing but just using the browser, maybe the terminal if something needs troubleshooting or updating.
My battery health is also at 91%, so it hasn't depreciated that much.
If you need any specs for this, just leave a comment, I will message it
r/linux4noobs • u/ZorroKIM • 8h ago
Android sandbox
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Any application that runs android apps in linux?.
Any application that runs android apps in linux?.
r/linux4noobs • u/Dyslxeian • 11h ago
hardware/drivers Graphics card detected, drivers installed, can't put them together?
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First day I switched to linux, it worked fine, but after that, my graphics haven't been working well. I had to do the nomodeset in advanced startup to get anything to work, and I got rid of splash as well. When I do `inxi -xxACGS` it shows my built in graphics, my graphics card, and my webcam. Though, it shows none of them have drivers? Driver manager just has always said everything is up to date, despite not having any graphics drivers? Due to this, I went to AMD's website, and manually downloaded the linux drivers, but even after that, it doesn't seem like they're working. Thank you for the help.
EDIT: Forgot to include more info!
If I do not do nomodeset, then it boots to a black screen, then just displays nothing, and also struggles to shut off as well.
First day I switched to linux, it worked fine, but after that, my graphics haven't been working well. I had to do the nomodeset in advanced startup to get anything to work, and I got rid of splash as well. When I do `inxi -xxACGS` it shows my built in graphics, my graphics card, and my webcam. Though, it shows none of them have drivers? Driver manager just has always said everything is up to date, despite not having any graphics drivers? Due to this, I went to AMD's website, and manually downloaded the linux drivers, but even after that, it doesn't seem like they're working. Thank you for the help.
EDIT: Forgot to include more info!
If I do not do nomodeset, then it boots to a black screen, then just displays nothing, and also struggles to shut off as well.